Pūnaehana Granulating
Hoʻolālā ʻia a hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻōnaehana Granulating i kapa ʻia ʻo "shotmakers", no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā bullions, ka pepa, nā ʻāpana metala a i ʻole nā metala ʻōpala i loko o nā kīʻaha kūpono.He maʻalahi loa ka wehe ʻana o nā pahu granulating no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe.Huki i waho no ka wehe maʻalahi o ka pahu hoʻokomo.ʻO nā mea hana koho o ka mīkini hoʻoheheʻe kaomi a i ʻole ka mīkini hoʻolei hoʻomau me ka pahu granulating kahi hopena no ka granulating i kekahi manawa.Loaʻa nā pahu pahu Granulating no nā mīkini āpau i ka moʻo VPC.ʻO nā ʻōnaehana granulating ʻano maʻamau ka pahu pahu me nā huila ʻehā e maʻalahi ke neʻe i loko a i waho.
He aha ka metala granulation?
ʻO Granulation (mai ka Latin: granum = "grain") kahi hana hana gula kahi e hoʻonani ʻia ai ka ʻili o kahi momi me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka metala makamae, i kapa ʻia ʻo granules, e like me ke ʻano hoʻolālā.Ua loaʻa nā ʻike kahiko loa o ka archeological o nā mea nani i hana ʻia me kēia ʻenehana i nā hale kupapaʻu aliʻi o ʻUra, ma Mesopotamia a hoʻi i 2500 BC Mai kēia wahi, ua laha ka ʻenehana i Anatolia, ma Suria, a i Troy (2100 BC) a hope loa i Etruria. (ke kenekulia 8 BC).ʻO ka nalo mālie ʻana o ka moʻomeheu Etruscan ma waena o ke kenekulia ʻekolu a me ka lua o BC ke kumu o ka emi ʻana o ka granulation. ʻO kā lākou hoʻolaha pohihihi o ka pauda granulation2 maikaʻi ʻole me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻia o ka solder paʻakikī.
ʻO Granulation ka mea pohihihi a hoihoi loa o nā ʻenehana hoʻonaninani kahiko.Hoʻokomo ʻia e nā mea hana ʻo Fenici lāua ʻo Greci iā Etruria i ka kenekulia 8 BC, kahi i ʻike mua ʻia ai ka ʻike o ka metallurgy a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā metala makamae, ua hana nā mea hana gula Etruscan akamai i kēia ʻano hana no ka hana ʻana i nā hana o ka paʻakikī a me ka nani.
I ka hapa mua o ka makahiki 1800, ua hana ʻia kekahi mau ʻeli ʻana ma kahi kokoke i Roma (Cerveteri, Toscanella a me Vulci) a me Rūsia Hema (ʻo Kertch a me Taman peninsulas) i hōʻike i nā mea nani Etruscan a me Helene kahiko.Ua hoʻonani ʻia kēia mau mea nani me ka granulation.ʻO nā mea nani i hele mai i ka manaʻo o ka ʻohana Castellani o nā mea waiwai i komo nui i ka noiʻi kahiko.ʻO nā mea i loaʻa mai nā hale kupapaʻu ʻo Etruscan ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia ma muli o kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā granules maikaʻi loa.Ua aʻo nui ʻo Alessandro Castellani i kēia mau mea kiʻi i mea e hoʻāʻo ai e wehe i kā lākou ʻano hana.ʻAʻole hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, ma hope o ka make ʻana o Castellani, ua hoʻopau hope ʻia ka puʻupuʻu o ka colloidal/eutectic soldering.
ʻOiai ua lilo ka mea huna i mea pohihihi i ka Castellanis a me ko lākou mau hoa hou, ʻo nā mea nani Etruscan i ʻike hou ʻia i hoʻāla hou ʻia i nā mea hoʻonaninani archaeological ma kahi o 1850's.Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻenehana hana gula i hiki ai iā Castellani a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ke hana pono i kekahi o nā mea nani kahiko maikaʻi loa i ʻeli ʻia.He ʻokoʻa loa ka nui o kēia mau ʻenehana mai nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia e ka poʻe Etruscans akā ua hāʻawi mau i kahi hopena hiki.Aia kekahi o kēia mau mea kāhiko Archaeological Revival i nā hōʻiliʻili waiwai nui a puni ka honua, me kā lākou mau hoa kahiko.
GRANULES
Hana ʻia nā granule mai ka hui like me ka metala kahi e hoʻopili ʻia ai lākou.Hoʻomaka kekahi ʻano hana ma ka ʻōwili ʻana i kahi ʻāpana metala lahilahi a ʻokiʻoki i nā kihi haiki loa ma ka lihi.Ua ʻoki ʻia ka laʻi a ʻo ka hopena he mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a i ʻole platelets metala.ʻO kekahi ʻano hana ʻē aʻe no ka hana ʻana i nā kīʻaha, hoʻohana ʻia ka uwea lahilahi loa i wili ʻia a puni kahi mandrel lahilahi, e like me ka nila.A laila ʻoki ʻia ka ʻōwili i loko o nā apo lele liʻiliʻi.Hoʻokumu kēia i nā apo symmetrical loa e hopena i nā granule like ʻole.ʻO ka pahuhopu ka hana ʻana i nā pōʻai he nui like ka nui me ke anawaena ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 1 mm.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā platelet metala a i ʻole nā apo lele i ka pauka lanahu i mea e pale ai iā lākou mai ka pipili ʻana i ke kī ʻana.Ua uhi ʻia ka lalo o ka ipuhao me kahi ʻāpana lanahu a kāpīpī ʻia nā ʻāpana metala ma luna o lākou e like me ka hiki.Hoʻopili ʻia kēia me kahi ʻāpana hou o ka pauka lanahu a me nā ʻāpana metala hou aʻe a hiki i ka piha ʻana o ka ipuhao ma kahi o ʻekolu hapaha.Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kīʻaha i loko o kahi kiln a i ʻole umu, a ʻo nā ʻāpana metala makamae e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i ka wela hoʻoheheʻe no kā lākou hui.Ke waiho ʻia nei kēia mau pōʻai i hana ʻia e maʻalili.Ma hope e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia lākou i ka wai a i ʻole, inā e hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻenehana kūʻai aku, pickled i ka waikawa.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā granule o nā nui like ʻole ke hana i kahi hoʻolālā ʻoluʻolu.No ka mea hiki ʻole i ka mea hana gula ke hana i nā pōʻai like ʻole o ke anawaena like, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā granule ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana.Hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻano kānana e hoʻokaʻawale i nā granules.
Pehea ʻoe e hana ai i ka pana gula?
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka pana gula e ninini mālie ana i ke gula i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai ma hope o kou hoʻomehana ʻana?A i ʻole, hana ʻoe ia mea a pau i ka manawa hoʻokahi?He aha ke kumu o ka hana ʻana i ka pana gula ma mua o nā ingots ect.
ʻAʻole hana ʻia ka pana gula ma ka ninini ʻana mai ka lehelehe o kahi pahu.Pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma kahi nozzle.Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kahi mea maʻalahi ma ka ʻeli ʻana i kahi puka liʻiliʻi (1/8") ma lalo o kahi kīʻaha hoʻoheheʻe, a laila e kau ʻia ma luna o kāu ipu wai, me kahi lama e pāʻani ana i ka pā, a puni ka lua. ke gula mai ka maloo ana iloko o ke kiaha ke hoolilo ia mai ke kiaha hehee i hooheheeia ai ka pauda gula, No na kumu paakiki mau ia'u ke hoomaopopo, he pana ia, ma kahi o ka cornflakes.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pana e ka poʻe hoʻohana gula, no ka mea, maʻalahi ke kaupaona ʻana i ka nui i makemake ʻia.ʻAʻole hoʻoheheʻe ka poʻe hana gula akamai i ka nui o ke gula i ka manawa hoʻokahi, inā ʻaʻole hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻoheheʻe hewa ʻana (ke kinoea inclusions).
Ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka nui i makemake ʻia, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke koena liʻiliʻi (ka sprue) me ka pūʻulu aʻe, me ka hōʻoia ʻana ʻaʻole e hōʻiliʻili ke gula i hoʻoheheʻe hou ʻia.
ʻO ka pilikia me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke gula i kēlā me kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka metala kumu (ʻo ia ka keleawe, akā ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia i ke keleawe) e oxidize a hoʻomaka i ka hana ʻana i ke kinoea e hōʻiliʻili i loko o nā ʻeke liʻiliʻi i nā castings.ʻO ka hapa nui o kēlā me kēia mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā i loaʻa i kēlā ʻike, a ʻike pinepine lākou i ke kumu ʻaʻole lākou makemake, a ʻaʻole makemake lākou e hoʻohana i ke gula i hoʻohana mua ʻia.