He metala makamae ke gula. Nui ka poʻe e kūʻai mai ana no ke kumu o ka mālama ʻana a me ka mahalo ʻana i kona waiwai. Akā, ʻo ka mea hoʻopilikia, ʻo ia ka ʻike ʻana o kekahi poʻe i kā lākou mau pā gula a i ʻole nā kālā gula hoʻomanaʻo ua ʻōpala.
ʻAʻole e popo ke gula maʻemaʻe
Hoʻopili ka hapa nui o nā metala me ka oxygen e hana i nā oxides metala, kahi a mākou e kapa nei he popo. Akā, ma ke ʻano he metala makamae, ʻaʻole popo ke gula. No ke aha mai? He nīnau hoihoi kēia. Pono mākou e hoʻoponopono i ka mea pohihihi mai nā waiwai kumu o ke gula.
I loko o ke kemika, ʻo ka hopena oxidation kahi hana kemika kahi e nalowale ai nā electrons a lilo i mau ion maikaʻi. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka oxygen i ke kūlohelohe, he mea maʻalahi ke loaʻa nā electrons mai nā mea ʻē aʻe e hana i nā oxides. No laila, kapa mākou i kēia kaʻina hana he hopena oxidation. ʻO ka hiki o ka oxygen ke loaʻa nā electrons he mea maopopo, akā ʻokoʻa ka hiki o kēlā me kēia mea e nalowale ana nā electrons, e pili ana i ka ikehu ionization o nā electrons waho loa o ka mea.
ʻAno atomika o ke gula
He ikaika ke kūpaʻa o ke gula i ka oxidation. Ma ke ʻano he metala hoʻololi, ʻo kona ikehu ionization mua he 890.1kj/mol, ʻo ka lua wale nō ma hope o ka mercury (1007.1kj/mol) ma kona ʻākau. ʻO ke ʻano kēia he mea paʻakikī loa i ka oxygen ke hopu i kahi electron mai ke gula. ʻAʻole wale ka ikehu ionization kiʻekiʻe o ke gula ma mua o nā metala ʻē aʻe, akā he kiʻekiʻe hoʻi ka enthalpy atomization ma muli o nā electrons i hui ʻole ʻia ma kona orbit 6S. ʻO ka enthalpy atomization o ke gula he 368kj/mol (he 64kj/mol wale nō ka mercury), ʻo ia hoʻi he ikaika ka ikaika o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka metala o ke gula, a ua huki ikaika ʻia nā ʻātoma gula kekahi i kekahi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i huki ikaika ʻia nā ʻātoma mercury kekahi i kekahi, no laila ua maʻalahi ka wili ʻia e nā ʻātoma ʻē aʻe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-01-2022
